Benjamín C. Hernández Retires after 40 Years


ACTA - Posted on 08 July 2010

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By Dr. Susan Cashion, Professor Emerita, Stanford University, scholar in Mexican Dance

Benjamín C. Hernández circa 1975.One of the true treasures of our California Mexican dance community is Benjamín Hernández, who has been an advocate and promoter in the development of the folklórico movement in the Los Angeles area since 1968.  His teaching ritual and regional folklorico dances focused on traditional interpretations.  This last spring he retired from the PE/Dance program of East Los Angeles Community College after forty years of teaching.  Part of his legacy is turning a part-time appointment in Mexican Dance into a full-time, tenured track position.  To accomplish this feat, Mr. Hernández received an MA degree from the UCLA World Arts and Culture Department in 1999.

Mr. Hernández was born and raised in Guadalajara Jalisco.  From 1962-67 he was a member of University of Guadalajara's Grupo Folklórico de Artes Plásticas, where he worked under the tutelage of Rafaél Zamarripa.  From 1970 to 1995, he taught folklórico, Art History of Mexico, and Chicano Art at the Claremont Colleges in Pomona, California. In 1974 he founded and directed Ballet Folklórico Mexicapan, a dance company that set the benchmark for folklóricos in Southern California.  From 1980-81, Mr. Hernández was elected chair of the board for the Asociación Nacional de Grupos Folklóricos (ANGF) in the USA.

When asked what his best moments in a career of Mexican dance were, he replied, "To see people from the community coming to learn the dances of Mexico and then going back to their communities and their own high schools and elementary schools to teach the same material to their children.  That for me is the greatest gratification".

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1 Dohee Lee

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1 Ogo_Studio

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1 Qeej

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Okónkolo carved by master artist Harold Muñiz.  Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez

2 Bay Area Gathering 2009

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2 Dohee Lee

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2 KlezCalifornia

Klezmorim, or musicians of Klezmer music, rehearsing at Klez California's Yiddish Culture Festival.  (Photo: Ira Greenberg)

2 LA Gathering

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2 PieAm: Rai Stone Money

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2 Qeej

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2 Thai

Performers wait backstage before the show.  Photo: ACTA, 2009

2 Toolsie: Details of Carnival Regalia

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2 Ulzii Studio

Ulziisaikhan Lkhagvadorjv (Ulzii) at Women's Audio Mission
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2-Webster playing Okónkolo and Garcia playing Iyá (Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez)

John Webster playing Okónkolo and Dominic Garcia playing Iyá.  Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez

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A view of the wide space and backdrop which references the Tibetan mountains and monasteries of old.  Photo: ACTA

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Characters are known to the spectators by their costumes: colors may indicate status or personal traits. Actor Sonam Tashi stands in repose.  Photo: ACTA

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A close up of actors Tsering Dolma and Chime Youdon. All the artists were trained in Dharsalam, India, at the Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts, founded by the Dalai Lama.  Photo: ACTA

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A young performer on stage. The next generation of performers train largely outside of the United States.  Photo: ACTA

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The King encountering the creature.   Photo: ACTA

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More comedic interludes.  Photo: ACTA

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There are approximately 1,500 Tibetans in the Bay Area.   The close knit community has provided leadership in the cultural life of the exile community at large by establishing the only North American company dedicated to Tibetan dance and opera.  Photo: ACTA

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Traditional Tibetan foods were available for purchase.  Photo: ACTA

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A typical scene was family picnics shared together during intermission.  Photo: ACTA

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Techung (right), one of the founders of Chaksam-pa, is a highly regarded performer who played the King.   Here during intermission he poses with Tenzin Tethong, former Tibetan cabinet minister.  Photo: ACTA

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The epic was a tale that also reflected on the health of the water system and a village's dependency on its clear lakes for survival.  Here a glorious view of the San Francisco Bay from the Craneway Pavillion in Richmond is a vivid reminder of the timely potency of the tale and why the opera is such an enduring form over centuries.  Photo: ACTA

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Master Djembe/Dunun workshop and performance at Motherland Music in Los Angeles, on July 9, 2011.  Photo: LaFonda Jones

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Master Djembe/Dunun workshop and performance at Motherland Music in Los Angeles, on July 9, 2011.  Left to right: Kahlil Cummings, Famoudou Konate, and Mamady Keita.  Photo: LaFonda Jones

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Master Djembe/Dunun workshop and performance at Motherland Music in Los Angeles, on July 9, 2011.  Left to right: Kahlil Cummings and Mamady Keita.  Photo: LaFonda Jones.

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Master Djembe/Dunun workshop and performance at Motherland Music in Los Angeles, on July 9, 2011.  Left to right: Kahlil Cummings, Famoudou Konate, and Mamady Keita.  Photo: LaFonda Jones.

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Mamady Keita leads a master Djembe/Dunun workshop and performance at Motherland Music in Los Angeles, on July 9, 2011.  Photo: LaFonda Jones.

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Workshop and performance at Motherland Music in Los Angeles, on July 9, 2011.  Left to right: Kahlil Cummings, Famoudou Konate, and Mamady Keita.  Photo: LaFonda Jones

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Members from the Kora Symphony opened up the evening with songs.  The kora is a 21-stringed instrument played with thumb and forefinger whose sound is sonorous and full.  Photo: Eric Cesar Morales

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Karamo Susso, a master griot from Gambia, plays and sings on the largest kora.  The griot is historian and journalist, keeping history alive through song and recitation.  Photo: Eric Cesar Morales

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A guest dressed in the finery of bazin with embroidery.  Photo: Lily Kharrazi

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The next generation of musicians are comfortable and encouraged to join in when they want to.  Photo: Eric Cesar Morales

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Master musician of Sekhou Senegal plays the vibraphrone.  Photo: Eric Cesar Morales

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A proud father, Alseny Soumah from Guinea, brings his daughter to her first Nuit du BazinPhoto: Lily Kharrazi

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The baby's proud mother, Fatihmou, was also regaled by the songs of blessings and praise by the twins beautiful singing.  Photo: Lily Kharrazi

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The evening was a multi-generational event.  One of the community elders prepares to take the microphone to speak and sing songs of praise herself.  Photo: Eric Cesar Morales

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Assane Kouyate singing praises.  The songs were shared by the brothers; each solo voice carried on when the other voice subsided.  Photo: Eric Cesar Morales

3 Bay Area Gathering

Art sharing is enjoyed by (l to r) John Daley (Croatian American Cultural Center), Naomi Diouf (Diamano Coura West African Dance Co.), Frances Phillips (Walter & Elise Haas Fund), Bruce Cochran and Sani Rifati (Voice of Roma).

3 Dohee Lee

Drumming is a key element to p’ungmul.  While apprentice Hong focused on several instruments and techniques during his apprenticeship with Lee, their primary focus was for him to deepen his playing of the janggo (hourglass drum), and how to play it while dancing dynamically.  The janggo is secured to the body with a simple cotton sash, wound across the torso, through the drum and bound at the back.

3 KlezCalifornia

Frank London, a master Klezmer artist who has contributed to the revival of Klezmer internationally, conducting a workshop at KlezCalifornia's Yiddish Culture Festival.

3 LA Gathering

Kara Mack Cummings dances as Kahlil Cummings drums.

3 Otgo

Otgonbayar Chunsraikhachin (Otgo) plays the yochin in a session at Women's Audio Mission
Photo: Women's Audio Mission

3 PieAm: Products of Pandanus

A display of woven goods made from pandanus from the Marshall Islands.

Photo: K. Kugay

3 Qeej

The drumming tradition builds spritual and physical strength and harmony.  The introduction of the drum corps interests both boys and girls. Photo: Kutay D. Kugay

3 Thai

Pong Lahng ensemble (Northeastern Thai folk music). L to R: Artawood Chitamitara (bass), Tanitkorn Khamsopa (pin), Suvid Tubtimcharoon (wode). Photo: ACTA, 2009

3 Toolsie: Backside of carnival regalia

Backside of traditional carnival regalia design. Photo: Russell C. Rodriguez

3-Webster on Okónkolo, Garcia on Iyá, H. Muñiz on Itótele, and B. Muñiz on atchere (Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez)

John Webster playing Okónkolo, Dominic Garcia playing Iyá, Harold Muñiz playing Itótele, and Beatriz Muñiz playing atchere (maraca).  Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez

4 Bay Area Gathering

Abbos Kosimov plays doira urging dancer Tara Pandeya to respond to the count.

4 Dohee Lee

Lee and Hong frequently conducted their p’ungmul apprenticeship at the Oakland Asian Cultural Center, a bustling community space located in the heart of Oakland Chinatown.  In addition to focusing on the janggo together, Lee imparted to Hong techniques and practice in playing the role of sangswe (percussive leader) in a p’ungmul troupe, deepening his understanding of the feel, quality and timbre of various p’ungmul rhythm and instrumentation.

4 Group Shot_Terri

From left: Otgonbayar Chunsraikhachin, Ulziisaikhan Lkhagvadorjv, Terri Winston and Orgilsaikhan Chimeddorj are pictured at WAM's Webcast of a Nutgiin Ayalguu performance. The musicians are attired in traditional clothing for the performance.
Photo: Women's Audio Mission

4 KlezCalifornia

Dancing to Klezmer music is mostly improvisation. (Photo: Dale Perlman)

4 LA Gathering

Kara Mack Cummings and Kahlil Cummings’ art share was a highlight of the gathering.

4 PieAm: Chamoru Boat

The Chamoru boat builders based in San Diego have built a replica from old drawings of the Sakman canoe which they plan to sail to Guam this year. Photo: K. Kugay

4 Thai

The evening performance included both Thai classical and folk music and dance elements. For the classical dance drama, the classical music ensemble accompanied and also were featured at the show's opening. Featured on the indispensible ranad-ek were master musicians Somprasong Loakingpongswat (aka Kru Nui pictured at bottom right) and his student Franco Nguon (bottom left), both of whom participated in ACTA's 2009 Apprenticeship Program. Photo: ACTA, 2009

4 Toolsie: Red Satin Dress

Innovative red satin dress designed by G. Toolsie. Photo: Russell C. Rodriguez

4-Itótele carved by Harold Muñiz (Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez)

Itótele carved by master artist Harold Muñiz. Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez

5 Bay Area Gathering

Naomi Washington Diouf of Diamano Coura West African Dance Company makes a point

5 Dohee Lee

Frequently during the apprenticeship, Hong would practice as the sangmo, a key role in a p’ungmul group who wears a special hat with a long ribbon.  The sangmo must rotate his or her head precisely in range and rhythm to animate the ribbon while drumming and dancing.

5 KlezCalifornia

Cultural pride at KlezCalifornia's Yiddish Culture Festival.

5 LA Gathering

ACTA Board Member Dan Sheehy with Ramya Harishankar.

5 PieAm: Chamoru Dance

Chamoru women's dance performed by members of the Kuttaran Chamoru Foundation, Inc. Photo: K. Kugay

5 Qeej

Cha Khay, flute player accompanies the drum corps. He is a respected former military leader and the only drumming teacher in the United States. Photo: Kutay D. Kugay

5 Toolsie: Doll Dress

Doll made with extra materials. Photo: Russell C. Rodriguez

5-Harold Muñiz with Itótele and Beatriz Muñiz with atchere (Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez)

Master artist Harold Muñiz with Itótele and Beatriz Muñiz with atchere.  Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez

6 Bay Area Gathering

Lilia demonstrates a mandolin used in the Croatian Tamburitza ensemble. Seated to her far right are Alleluia Panis, (KulArts, Inc.) and Ferenc Tobak (Living the Tradition)

6 Dohee Lee

These one-on-one apprenticeship lessons, separate from rehearsals and practices that traditionally bring community members to play together, allowed Lee to monitor Hong’s process and technique closely.  Hong notes: “I have reached a point where self-study and practice cannot propel me any further, and I look to Lee for higher education to allow me to grow as an artist and eventually as a teacher.”

6 KlezCalifornia

A multi-generational Klezmer band. (Photo: Lea Delson)

6 LA Gathering

Sravavi Jhaudyala of the Ektaa Center.

6 PieAm: Samoan Fire Knife

Samoan fire knife dancing employs skill, agility and grace. The fire element was added as a result of master Samoan practitioner, Letuli, found that he could get work in Hollywood by adding this element to his display. Photo: K. Kugay

6 Qeej
6 Toolsie: Elegant Doll Dress

Doll with elegant carnival regalia. Photo: Russell C. Rodriguez

6-Iyá carved by master artist Harold Muñiz (Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez)

Iyá carved by master artist Harold Muñiz.  Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez

7 Dohee Lee

Dohee Lee has studied and performed traditional Korean music and dance since the age of 15.  She studied traditional Korean dance at the Suwon Women’s College and folk and court music at the Yongin University under the instruction of numerous masters including Intangible Treasure Maebang Lee, Sooyoung Lee, Jinsung Yang, Jiwha Ryu, Jungoo Kim, Sukgun Kil, Kwangja Kim, and Kyungwoo Baek.  She is currently the Artistic Director of Oakland’s Korean Youth Cultural Center.

“I cannot identify myself without this art form and knowing this value of culture,” Lee reflects. “I have a mission to educate people to learn this art and tell the history, community and identity [of the form], especially here in the U.S.”

7 KlezCalifornia

Christian Dawid of Berlin, a master Klezmer clarinetist, queries participants in a workshop comparing musical styles of the region: What makes a tune Jewish?

7 LA Gathering

Beto Gonzalez and Giavanni Washington.

7 PieAm: Fire Knife Dancer 2

Another skilled fire dancer with tradtional Samoan tatoos demonstrates his skill at the Pasifika Living Arts Festival. Photo: K. Kugay

7 Toolsie: Granddaughter and McClain

Granddaughter and McClain. Photo: Russell C. Rodriguez

7-Harold Muñiz, John Webster, Dominic Garcia, and Beatriz Muñiz (Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez)

Master artist Harold Muñiz, John Webster, Dominic Garcia, and Beatriz Muñiz.  Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez

8 Dohee Lee

Lee’s leadership in the San Francisco Bay Area as a p’ungmul teacher, in addition to her practice as a tradition-based and experimental choreographer, dancer and vocalist has allowed her to work with various Korean and Korean-American community groups and a diverse array of artists including Kronos Quartet, Anna Halprin, Shinichi Iova-Koga’s inkBoat, Tatsu Aoki, Frances Wong, and KUNST-STOFF.

8 LA Gathering

Board members of the Hernandez Mariachi engage in the discussion.

 

8 PieAm: Chamoru Clothing

Chamoru elders once wore clothing like this before contact with the West's missionaries. Photo: K. Kugay

9 Dohee Lee

Trained in Western classical music and specializing in violin, 1.5 generation Korean-American Hong realized that “p’ungmul was more than just a musical phase.” Hong first met Lee in 2002 while playing in UC Berkeley’s student p’ungmul group Ego, a group which he ultimately led as sangswe. As his practice developed in past years, he has joined in performances at the Korean Youth Cultural Center where Lee is the Artistic Director, and at annual festivals and performances.

9 KlezCalifornia

Cookie Segelstein and Stu Brotman of the Klezmer group Veretski Pass providing instruction during a workshop at KlezCalifornia's Yiddish Culture Festival.

9 LA Gathering

Luz Mendez of Relámpago del Cielo participates in the discussion.

9 PieAM Building

The outside of the Pacific Islands Ethnic Arts Museum is painted to look like a traditional men's house of Yap, Micronesia. Photo: K. Kugay

90 Dohee Lee

Hong intends to deepen his study in p’ungmul through pursuing a graduate degree in ethnomusicology in 2010, focusing on Korean music, with hopes to promote, advocate and represent Korean music outside of Korea.

90 KlezCalifornia

Participants listen intently to the nuances of the music during a workshop at KlezCalifornia's Yiddish Culture Festival.

91 Dohee Lee

While p’ungmul traditionally is orally transmitted, Lee and Hong’s apprenticeship combined both oral transmission and written form.  Hong’s musical background allowed him to capture the songs and rhythms in score format, while Lee and Hong also tried to utilize Korean court-based changam-bo scoring methods which are hundreds of years old, and now used to notate classical and folk music forms.

91 LA Gathering

Rudy Ortega and Mark Villaseñor of the Fernandeno Tataviam Band of Mission Indians open the gathering with a blessing.

92 LA Gathering

Jilly Canizares of FilArts makes a point.

93 LA Gathering

ACTA Board Member Libby Maynard greets Luz Mendez (center) and Marlene Peña-Marin of Relámpago del Cielo.

A basket of Herminia Albarrán Romero's paper marigolds (Chris Simon, 2001)
A blanket of Herminia Albarrán Romero's paper marigolds (Chris Simon, 2001)
A boquet of Herminia Albarrán Romero's paper roses (Chris Simon, 2001)
A cartonería sculpture by master artist Ruben Guzman (Photo: Sam Hernandez)
A close-up of the Virgen de Guadalupe by Herminia Albarrán Romero (Chris Simon, 2001)
A dancer from Copali Copili Aztec Dancers in front of "Red Face" by  Chris Toovey (Photo courtesy of dA Center for the Arts)

A dancer from Copali Copili Aztec Dancers in front of "Red Face" by Chris Toovey.  Photo courtesy of dA Center for the Arts

A Day of the Dead altar created by Herminia Albarrán Romero (Chris Simon, 2001)
A het-ta-lu basket created by master Miwok baksetweaver Jennifer Bates (Photo: A. Moss)

A het-ta-lu basket created by master Miwok baksetweaver Jennifer Bates.  Photo: A. Moss

A lion head in need of a bit more papering during the restoration process by master artist Corey Chan (Photo: Russell Rodríguez)

A lion head in need of a bit more papering during the restoration process by master artist Corey Chan and his 2011 apprentice Chris Low.

A lion head in the process of restoration by master artist Corey Chan (Photo: Russell Rodríguez)

A lion head in the process of restoration by master artist Corey Chan and his 2011 apprentice Chris Low.

A lion head restored by master artist Corey Chan (Photo courtesy of Corey Chan)

A lion head restored by master craftsman Corey Chan. Photo courtesy of Corey Chan

A lion head stripped down to the frame, in the process of being restored by master artist Corey Chan (Photo: Russell Rodríguez)

A lion head stripped down to the frame, in the process of being restored by master artist Corey Chan and his 2011 apprentice Chris Low.

A quilt by Allyson Allen (Photo: Allyson Allen)
A quilt by Allyson Allen, her niece Krysta Wright, and Krysta's great-great and great-grandmothers (Photo: Allyson Allen)
A skirt made from kapa cloth, a traditional textile made by hand-pounding tree bark (Photo: Wendeanne Ke'aka Stitt)
A Wanaragua mask by Flavio Alvarez (2009)

A Wanaragua mask by Flavio Alvarez (2009)

Abbos Kosimov (left) and his 2009 apprentice Tara Catherine Pandeya (Juan Carlos Pometta Betancourt, 2008)
Abbos Kosimov (left) and his 2009 apprentice Tara Pandeya (ACTA 2009)

Master artist Abbos Kosimov (left) worked with Tara Pandeya (right) in an apprenticeship in Uzbek doira, covering multiple rhythms and deepending their collaboration as drummer and dancer. (ACTA 2009)

Alice Gerrard teaches master fiddle class at the Berkeley Old Time Music Convention (Mike Melynk 2009)
Alicia Sheppeck-Zepeda, Herminia Albarrán Romero's 2001 apprentice (Photo: ACTA)
Allyson Allen (left), her niece and 2009 apprentice Madison Wright, and Allyson Allen's mother (Photo: ACTA)
Allyson Allen and her neice and 2006 apprentice Krysta Wright (Photo: ACTA)
Allyson Allen's 2009 apprentice, Madison Wright (Photo: ACTA)
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Gonzales dances Wanaragua in the "flashier and more aggressive" Honduran Wanaragua style to live drumming and singing during the Wanaragua visit to Honduras Kitchen in Huntington Park. Photo credit: Marcus Kuiland-Nazario, 2009.

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Wanaragua headdress vary, depending on which region one may come from. Photo credit: ACTA, 2009.

An altar honoring Sister Karen Bocalerro, founder of Self Help Graphics in East Los Angeles (Photo courtesy of Ofelia Esparza)
An image of the Virgen de Guadalupe surrounded by Herminia Albarrán Romero's papel picado (Chris Simon, 2001)
An informal bombazo hosted by Bay Area Boricuas (Photo: ACTA, 2007)
Ananya Ashok, master musician Srikanth Chary's 2011 apprentice, on the veena (Photo courtesy of Srikanth Chary)
Andrew Yinn, Ponn Yinn's son and 2001 apprentice (Photo: Terry Liu)
Angela Allgier, LaVerne Glaze's granddaughter and 2001 apprentice (Photo courtesy of Angela Allgier)
Apprentice Boua Sou Her playing the qeej (Photo: Vungping Yang)
Apprentice Chris Low and two lion heads being restorted by himself and master artist Corey Chan (Photo: Russell Rodríguez)

Apprentice Chris Low and two lion heads being restorted by himself and master artist Corey Chan.

Apprentice Chris Low preparing an old lion head for restoration, circa 2006 (Sandra Low)

Apprentice Chris Low preparing an old lion head for restoration. Photo: Sandra Low

Apprentice Tae Sun Hwang checking her calligraphy in a mirror (Photo: ACTA)
Apprentice Tae Sun Hwang perfecting her calligraphy (Photo: ACTA)
Apprentice Tae Sun Hwang prepares to draw her calligraphy on the surface of the seal (Photo: ACTA)
Apprentice Tyler White sharing a different technique to master breakdancer Raphael Xavier (Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez)
Armenian Marash embroidery by Sofi Khachmanyan (Photo courtesy of Sofi Khachmanyan)
Armenian Marash embroidery by Sofi Khachmanyan (Photo: ACTA)
Artemio Posadas (in the blue shirt) performs with the ensemble at Galeria de la Raza's fandango (2009)
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Avis Punkin (right) and her granddaughter and 2003 apprentice Carly Tex (Photo: ACTA)
Awun Ohun Omnira presents songs that connect African American history to African spirituality (Photo: Tobaji Stewart, 2010)

Omnira Project's Awun Ohun Omnira Choir (Voices of Freedom) presents songs of that connect African American history to African spirituality.  Photo: Tobaji Stewart

Back view of a lion head being restored by master artist Corey Chan (Photo: Russell Rodríguez)

Back view of a lion head being restored by master artist Corey Chan and his 2011 apprentice Chris Low.

Banteay Srei youth leaders interacting with their students in a cooking and storytelling session (Photo: ACTA)

Banteay Srei youth leaders interacting with their students in a cooking and storytelling session. Photo: ACTA

Basket by Eva Salazar (Photo: Dugan Aguilar)
Basket by Eva Salazar (Photo: Stephen Simpson, Inc.)
Basket by Eva Salzar (Photo: Gary Ballard)
Basket by master Karuk basketweaver LaVerne Glaze (Photo courtesy of LaVerne Glaze)
Baskets by master Karuk basketweaver LaVerne Glaze, shown with her granddaughter (Photo courtesy of LaVerne Glaze)
Baskets by master Mountain Maidu basketweaver Ennis Peck (Photo: Erik Weber, Published with permission of Ennis Peck)

Baskets by master Mountain Maidu basketweaver Ennis Peck of Greenville, CA.  Photo: Erik Weber, Published with permission of Ennis Peck

Beaded dance fan (Photo courtesy of Eugene Albitre)
Beaded knife handle with tooled leather sheath (Photo courtesy of Eugene Albitre)
Beef hide stretched and drying in Eugene Alibtre's backyard in preparation for having the hair scraped off (Photo: ACTA)
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Benton Flippen, culture bearer from Appalachia jams with Berkeley musicans (Heath Curdts,2009)
Beto González, Mestre Amen's 2011 apprentice (Photo: Sara Stranovsky)

Beto González, Mestre Joselito "Amen" Santo's apprentice.  Photo: Sara Stranovsky

Blues master Esther Mabry, featured in the Bay Area Blues Society's documentation project (Photo courtesy of the organization)
Bookmarks by Elmira Adamian, Sofi Khachmanyan's 2002 apprentice (Photo: ACTA)
Braided bosals and hackamores (Photo courtesy of Eugene Albitre)
Braided hackamore (Photo courtesy of Eugene Albitre)
Braided reins (Photo courtesy of Eugene Albitre)
Buckskin pouch (Photo courtesy of Eugene Albitre)
Bundle of milkweed string gathered and made by master Mono weaver Mandy Marine (Photo: Mandy Marine)
Buong Suong
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Cambodian classical dancer Prumsodun Ok (Anthony Castro and Fernando Vidal)
Carlos Aldama sits with his batá drum (Photo: IU Press)
Carlos Aldma (left) and his 2009 apprentice Umi Vaughn (2009)
Carnival character created and animated by master artist Stephen Tiffenson (Photo courtesy of Stephen Tiffenson)
Carnival characters created and animated by master artist Stephen Tiffenson (right) (Photo courtesy of Stephen Tiffenson)

Trinidadian Carnival characters created by master craftsman Stephen Tiffenson, and animated by Stephen Tiffenson (right) and Virginia Donato.  Photo courtesy of Stephen Tiffenson

Carnival dress by Gloria Toolsie (Photo courtesy of Gloria Toolsie)
Chamoru community youth performing at PIEAM's opening in October 2010 (Photo courtesy of Pacific Island Ethnic Art Museum)

Chamoru community youth performing at PIEAM's opening in October 2010.  Photo courtesy of Pacific Island Ethnic Art Museum

Child's Bele costume by Glora Toolsie (Photo courtesy of Gloria Toolsie)
Christine Hamilton (left), her niece and 2009 apprentice Melody Williams, and their Pomo coil basketry (Buffy Schmidt, 2008)
Chukchansi basketweaver Jennifer Malone, Clara Charlie's 2002 apprentice (Photo courtesy of Clara Charlie)
Community altar built in 2007 by master altarista Ofelia Esparza and Rosanna Esparza Ahrens (Photo courtesy of Ofelia Esparza)
Community altar built in 2010 by master altarista Ofelia Esparza and Rosanna Esparza Ahrens (Photo courtesy of Ofelia Esparza)
Cradleboard and coiled baskets by Avis Punkin (Photo courtesy of Avis Punkin)
Custom cowboy boot by master artist Luis Jovel (Photo: ACTA)
Dance lesson at Merced Lao Family Community center. (Photo: Houa Vang)
Dancers from Charya Burt's workshops (Photo courtesy of Kampuchean Buddhist Association)
Dancers perform traditional dances of the Marshall Islands at the Pacific Islander Festival (Photo courtesy of the Festival)
Dancing on the tarima, or wooden platform, at the end of a Galeria de la Raza son jarocho workshop (ACTA, 2009)

Dancing on the tarima, or wooden platform, at the end of a son jarocho workshop at San Francisco's Galería de la Raza in 2009. Photo: ACTA

Danny "Slapjazz" Barber (middle), his 2009 apprentice Sekani Thomas (right), and Thomas' father Bernard Yiriba Thomas (ACTA)
Danny "Slapjazz" Barber (right) and his 2009 apprentice Sekani Thomas (Bernard Yiriba Thomas, 2008)
Danny "Slapjazz" Barber (right) with his 2009 apprentice Sekani Thomas (Bernard Yiriba Thomas, 2008)
Danny "Slapjazz" Barber claps out a tempo while his 2009 apprentice Sekani Thomas slaps out improvised cadences (ACTA)
Deatail of Herminia Albarrán Romero's Virgen de Guadalupe altar (Chris Simon, 2001)
Deatail of the Virgen de Guadalupe by Herminia Albarrán Romero (Chris Simon, 2001)
Deer skins dry in Eugene Albitre's backyard (Photo: ACTA)
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Detail of "Red Door," a quilt by master artist Patricia A. Montgomery (Photo courtesy of Patricia A. Montgomery)

Detail of Red Door, a quilt by master quilter Patricia A. Montgomery.  Photo courtesy of Patricia A. Montgomery

Detail of "Sync IV," a quilt by master artist Patricia A. Montgomery (Photo courtesy of the artist)
Detail of "Underground Railroad," by Helen Anderson, Patricia A. Montgomery's 2011 apprentice (Photo courtesy of Helen Anderson)

Detail of Underground Railroad, a quilt by apprentice Helen Anderson.  Photo courtesy of Helen Anderson

Detail of a lion head restored by master artist Corey Chan (Photo courtesy of Corey Chan)
Detail of a lion head restored by master artist Corey Chan (Photo courtesy of Corey Chan)
Detail of a lion head restored by master artist Corey Chan (Photo courtesy of Corey Chan)
Detail of a lion head restored by master artist Corey Chan (Photo courtesy of Corey Chan)
Detail of a quilt by Allyson Allen (Photo: ACTA)
Detail of Allyson Allen's quilt honoring Africans who endured the passage to the US as slaves in 1769 (Photo: ACTA)
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Diamond-patterned dance belt by master Mono weaver Mandy Marine (Photo: Mandy Marine)
Dohee Lee (left) with her 2009 apprentice Kyungseok Kent Hong (2008)
Dr. Modesto Cepeda and his grandson, Exan, at Bay Area Boricuas' La Bomba Es Nuestra performance (Photo: ACTA, 2007)
Elk drum (24") (Photo courtesy of Eugene Albitre)
Elk drums (48" x 24" x 18" handheld) (Photo courtesy of Eugene Albitre)
Elk rattle (Photo courtesy of Eugene Albitre)
Elk rattle with deer toes attached (Photo courtesy of Eugene Albitre)
Elmira Adamian, Sofi Khachmanyan's 2002 apprentice, working on a pillow cover (Photo: ACTA)
Elmira Adamian, Sofi Khachmanyan's 2002 apprentice, working on a pillow cover (Photo: ACTA)
Escaramuza Charra Las Azaleas (Photo: Pony Highway Productions)
Escaramuza Charra Las Azaleas (Photo: Pony Highway Productions)
Eugene Albitre (right) and his 2003 apprentice Corina Castellon work together (Photo: ACTA)
Eugene Albitre cutting rawhide into a continuous strip that will become rawhide string (Photo: ACTA)
Eugene Albitre fleshing rawhide string (Photo: ACTA)
Eugene Albitre with examples of his articles made from hides (Photo: ACTA)
Eugene Albitre's apprentice, Corina, beveling the rawhide string, first on one edge, then the other (Photo: ACTA)
Eugene Alibtre (left) and his 2003 apprentice Corina Castellon (Photo: ACTA)
Eva Sandoval, Mary Lou Valencia's 2001 apprentice (Photo courtesy of Eva Sandoval)
Fei Wang (J.P. Dobrin, 2008)
Fei Wang (right, on the guqin) with her 2009 apprentice Kwan Wang (Yongan Wong, 2008)
Fei Wang at the guqin (Enrique R. Aguirre Ave, 2008)
Ferenc Tobak, the founder of Drone Magic, plays the Hungarian duda (Kata Rabi)

Ferenc Tobak, the founder of Drone Magic, plays the Hungarian duda. In addition to being a master musician, he is also a fine craftsman of pipes. Kata Rabi

Firebird Youth Chinese Orchestra under the direction of Gordon Lee (Photo courtesy of Firebird Youth Chinese Orchestra)
Flavio Alvarez (in blue) and his nephew and 2009 apprentice Carlos Gonzalez (in yellow) at a Wanaragua celebration (2009)

Master artist Flavio Alvarez (right, in blue) stands next to apprentice Carlos Gonzales (left, in yellow) and young Wanaragua dancer Omari during the New Year's Day 2009 Wanaragua procession in South Los Angeles. Photo credit: ACTA, 2009.

Flavio Alvarez (in blue) at a Wanaragua celebration in Los Angeles (2009)

Alvarez and Gonzales strive to instill Garifuna language and culture in a younger generation of Los Angeles-raised Garifuna-Americans. Photo credit: ACTA, 2009.

Flavio Alvarez (left) and his nephew and 2009 apprentice Carlos Gonzalez (2009)
Flavio Alvarez (left) and his nephew and 2009 apprentice Carlos Gonzalez with a Wanaragua mask made by Alvarez (2009)
Florencia Pierre (left) and her daughter and 2012 apprentice Djenane St. Juste (Photo courtesy of Djenane St. Juste)
Florencia Pierre (left) and her daughter and 2012 apprentice Djenane St. Juste (Photo courtesy of Djenane St. Juste)
Florencia Pierre (left) and her daughter and 2012 apprentice Djenane St. Juste (Photo courtesy of Djenane St. Juste)
Florencia Pierre (left) and her daughter and 2012 apprentice Djenane St. Juste (Photo courtesy of Djenane St. Juste)
Florencia Pierre (left) and her daughter and 2012 apprentice Djenane St. Juste (Photo courtesy of Djenane St. Juste)
Florencia Pierre (left) and her daughter and 2012 apprentice Djenane St. Juste (Photo courtesy of Djenane St. Juste)
For Day of the Dead 2001 at Self Help Graphics, Ofelia Esparza recreated a prison cell in a corner of the gallery (Photo: ACTA)
From Esperanza de Valle's archives collected over 30 years of fieldwork (Photo courtesy of Esperanza del Valle)
Garifuna Wanaragua dancers at 2010's Garifuna Settlement Day celebrations (Photo courtesy of Flavio Alvarez)
Gaylerd Thissell (left), Lance Zazueta, and their completed 2010 apprenticeship saddle (Photo courtesy of the artists)
Getting ready for the dance, Bulgarian musicians stand in the center of the dancing circle and face one another (ACTA, 2009)

Getting ready for the dance to begin, Bulgarian pipers and drummers stand in the center of the dancing circle and face one another, exhorting each other to play on for long periods of time. ACTA, 2009

Gilbert "Magu" Lujan and his "Limoztlan" sculpture (Photo: Courtesy Gilbert "Magu" Lujan)
Gilbert "Magu" Lujan holding his sculpture "Indio During His Egyptian Period" (Photo: ACTA, 2008)
Gilbert "Magu" Lujan with his "Having a Car Baby" sculpture (Photo: ACTA, 2008)
Gilbert "Magu" Lujan's "The Family Car," one of his custom renovated lowriders (Photo: ACTA, 2008)
Gloria Toolsie (right) and her 2011 apprentice Jasmine McClain (Photo courtesy of Jasmine McClain)
Gloria Toolsie (right) and her 2011 apprentice Jasmine McClain (Photo courtesy of Jasmine McClain)
Gorlia Xiong, Wang L. Xiong's daughter and 2012 apprentice (Photo courtesy of Wang L. Xiong)
Gorlia Xiong, Wang L. Xiong's daughter and 2012 apprentice (Photo courtesy of Wang L. Xiong)
Guru Manoranjan Pradhan and his wife Minati Dasgupta, mentors to the Pallavi Dance Group (Photo courtesy of Manoranjan Pradhan)
Harold Muñiz (center drummer) with Ken Ritchards (far right) and Dominic Garza (far left) (Photo: William Harris Photography)

Master Afro-Cuban batá drummer Harold Muñiz (center drummer) with apprentices Ken Richards (far right) and Dominic Garza (far left).  Photo: William Harris Photography

helen model coat
Helen sewing blocks
Helen working on bird
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Helen working on bird image two
Helen's Sankofa quilt
Herminia Albarrán Romero and a series of altars in her San Francisco home (Chris Simon, 2001)
Herminia Albarrán Romero fastens paper petals to the stem one by one (Chris Simon, 2001)
Herminia Albarrán Romero forms the petals of a paper rose (Chris Simon, 2001)
Herminia Albarrán Romero's paper rose in full bloom (Chris Simon, 2001)
Hideko Nakajima (left) and her 2003 apprentice Melody Takata tuning their shamisens (Photo: ACTA)
Hideko Nakajima (right) and her 2003 apprentice Melody Takata (Photo courtesy of Hideko Nakajima)
Ho Chhim Chan's 2002 apprentice Sokheartha Chhim on the roneat ek (Photo courtesy of Ho Chhim Chan)
Honorio Robledo (left) and his 2003 apprentice Juan Francisco Parroquín (Photo: ACTA)
Honorio Robledo (right) and his 2003 apprentice Juan Francisco Parroquín working on Juan's jarana (Photo: ACTA)
Honorio Robledo (right) and his 2003 apprentice Juan Francisco Parroquín working on Juan's jarana (Photo: ACTA)
Honorio Robledo at Miller Sheet Gallery in Pomona (Photo courtesy of the artist)
Honorio Robledo working on a jarana, the body of which is carved from a single piece of cedar (Photo: ACTA)
Improvisation on the tarima highlights footwork and percussion at Galeria de la Raza's fandango (20009)
Inside view of a lion head being restored by master artist Corey Chan (Photo: Russell Rodríguez)

Inside view of a lion head being restored by master artist Corey Chan and his 2011 apprentice Chris Low.

Instruments of the West African griot (Photo: ACTA)
Iraqi music at the annual Arab Cultural Festival (Photo: ACTA)

Iraqi musician's at the Arab Cultural & Community Center's annual Arab Cultural Festival.  Photo: ACTA

Jane Dumas (right) and her 2009 apprentice Richard Bugbee at a cultural presentation (Natalia Orosco, 2006)
Jennifer Bates holding one of her het-ta-lu baskets, demonstrating its use for sifting acorn flour (Photo: T. Howell)
Joey Arbata plays Irish tunes for dancing on an Ullieann pipe which relies on bellows for its air supply (ACTA, 2009)

Joey Arbata plays Irish tunes for dancing on an Uilleann pipe which relies on bellows for its air supply. He was a recent award winner in a competition in Ireland for his original compositions. ACTA, 2009

Juan Francisco Parroquín, Honorio Robledo's 2003 apprentice, dancing at the first Festival of Son Jarocho in Los Angeles
Julian Gonzalez (2nd from left) and Los Cenzontles (Photo courtesy of Los Cenzontles)
Katada Kikusa (left) leading her students on the taiko, a double-headed drum that is played with sticks (Photo: ACTA)
Katada Kikusa taps out the patterns of the hayashi music using sticks that represent each of the instruments (Photo: ACTA)
Kathy Wallace (right) and her 2003 apprentice Dixie Rogers
Kathy Wallace making a tobacco basket
Ken Ritchards, apprentice to master artist Harold Muñiz (Photo: William Harris Photography)
Kendrick Freeman, master Haitian drummer Daniel Brevil's 2012 apprentice (Photo courtesy of Kendrick Freeman)
Khannia Ok (left) poses with another dancer backstage in 2009 (Prumsodun Ok)
Khannia Ok performs as Sovann Phitu in Prumsodun's "Robam Santhyea Vehea" at CounterPULSE in 2010 (Jon Rivera)
Kine Marcella Diouf learning the klakan coming of age dance from her mother Naomi Gedo Diouf (Photo: ACTA)
Krysta Wright, Allyson Allen's niece and 2002 apprentice with a quilt she finished (Photo: Allyson Allen)
L to R: Ric Remias (guitar), Tagumpay de Leon (bandurria), Patrick Tanega (octavina), Boy Angos (guitar)
Lakshmi Iyengar, Malathi Iyengar's daughter and 2005 apprentice (Photo courtesy of Malathi Iyengar)
Laying out the blocks for the Sankofa
Laying out the blocks for the Sankofa
Laying out the blocks for the Sankofa
Leanne Mounvongkham (right) and her daughter and 2007 apprentice Kami Thepphavong (2007)
Linda Hussa, Bonnie Chase's 2005 apprentice (Photo courtesy of Linda Hussa)
Living the Tradition presents a day of bagpipes, a cross cultural display featuring many displays of piping. (ACTA)

Living the Tradition presents a day of bagpipes. This cross cultural display features many displays of piping, such as Irish piper Joey Arbata, featured at Living the Tradition's 2010 festival. Photo: ACTA

Lois Connor (left) guides her 2002 apprentice Dee Dominguez in starting to weave her cradleboard (Photo: ACTA)
Lois Connor's 2002 apprentice Dee Dominguez displaying a basketcap and gift basket (Photo courtesy of Dee Dominguez)
Lois Connor's 2002 apprentice Dee Dominguez weaving redbud through the sourberry sticks of the cradleboard (Photo: ACTA)
Long shot of Simon Rodia’s Towers in Watts, of which SPACES maintains an extensive archive (Photo courtesy of SPACES)
Loom preparation by weavers Mulao and Helen Apocao, (Photo courtesy of Jenny Bawer Young, copyright 2012)
Los Aguilita perform at a community event (Photo courtesy of Inyo Council for the Arts)
Los Aguilita, a children's ballet folklorico group, in traditional costumes (Photo courtesy of Inyo Council for the Arts)
Mahshid demonstrates an exercise for developing correct technique in holding the hammers and striking the strings (Photo: ACTA)
Malik Sow (left) and his son and 2009 apprentice Magatte Sow (2009)
Manuela Carrosco from Spain teaches Bay Area Flamenco Partnership students the nuances of her style (Photo: ACTA)

Manuela Carrosco from Spain teaches Bay Area Flamenco Partnership students the nuances of her style.  Photo: ACTA

Margalit Oved and Yehuda Tessa's mezzuzah

JIMENA's Mizrahi Cultural Outreach Series will feature Yemenite Jewish dance artist, storyteller, and vocalist Margalit Oved Marshall (left) and second generation Yemenite Jewish filigree artist Yehuda Tassa.  Seen here is a mezzuzah by Tassa, which hangs on a doorway and contains blessings handwritten in Hebrew.

Mark Walstrom plays the Swedish sackpipa while his daughter sings songs for St. Lucia (ACTA, 2009)

Mark Walstrom plays the Swedish sackpipa while his daughter sings songs for St. Lucia. Mark recalls that these songs were part of his childhood growing up in the Swedish-American communities of Wisconsin. ACTA, 2009

Mary Lou Valencia (2000)
Mary Lou Valencia (center) and other dancers in traditional Aztec regalia (2003)
Mary Lou Valencia in traditional Aztec regalia (2003)
Master Afro-Caribbean dancer Wilfred Mark and students of Dance Kaiso (Photo courtesy of Dance Kaiso)

Master Afro-Caribbean dancer Wilfred Mark and students of Dance Kaiso.  Photo courtesy of Dance Kaiso

Master Afro-Cuban batá drummer Harold Muñiz (Photo: John Webster)
Master altarista Ofelia Esparza and her daughter Rosanna Esparza Ahrens with a finished altar (Photo courtesy of Ofelia Esparza)
Master artist Ang Tsherin Sherpa's thangka painting Avalokiteswora, Manjushree and Vajrapani (Photo courtesy of the artist)

Avalokiteswora, Manjushree and Vajrapani, a thangka painting by master artist Ang Tsherin Sherpa.  Avalokiteswora, Manjushree and Vajrapani are the three protectors of Tibet and the embodiment of all the Buddhas and bodhisattvas' compassion, wisdom and infinite.  Photo courtesy Ang Tsherin Sherpa

Master artist Bill Madrigal (left) and apprentice Sean Bogner displaying the inside of a gourd (Photo courtesy of Bill Madrigal)
Master artist Bill Madrigal (left) and apprentice Sean Bogner performing Cahuilla Bird Songs (Photo courtesy of Bill Madrigal)
Master artist Bill Madrigal (left) and apprentice Sean Bogner preparing gourds (Photo courtesy of Bill Madrigal)
Master artist Bill Madrigal (left) and apprentice Sean Bogner with gourd rattles (Photo courtesy of Bill Madrigal)
Master artist Bill Madrigal (left) performing with his son at a community gathering (Photo courtesy of Bill Madrigal)
Master artist Cesar Castro (right) and his 2011 apprentice Xochi Flores dancing on the tarima (Photo courtesy of Xochi Flores)
Master artist Chitresh Das
Master artist Chitresh Das (Marty Sohl)
Master artist Chitresh Das performs North Indian Kathak dance
Master artist Corey Chan, his 2011 apprentice Chris Low, and their colleagues Steve and Yogi (Photo: Russell Rodríguez)

From left, master artist Corey Chan, his 2011 apprentice Chris Low, and their colleagues Steve and Yogi.

Master artist Danny "Slapjazz" Barber demonstrates stretching and warm up exercises for the arms, wrists and hands (ACTA)
Master artist Felipe Garcia Villamil (Photo: ACTA)
Master artist Felipe Garcia Villamil with his 2002 apprentice Ajamu Smith (Photo: ACTA)
Master artist Felipe Garcia Villamil with his 2002 apprentice Nery Madrid (Photo: ACTA)
Master artist Felipe Garcia Villamil with his 2002 apprentices Nery Madrid and Ajamu Smith (Photo: ACTA)
Master artist Gilbert “Magu” Lujan (left) and his 2008 apprentice Mario Trillo (Photo: ACTA, 2008)
Master artist John Kloss (left) and his 2008 apprentice Charles John Grant (Photo: ACTA, 2008)
Master artist Kawika Keikiali`ihiwahiwa Alfiche (right) and his 2008 apprentice Eileen Maka Aniciete (Photo: ACTA, 2008)
Master artist Lalo Izquierdo (left) and his 2002 apprentice Gabriela Shiroma (Photo courtesy of Gabriela Shiroma)
Master artist Lalo Izquierdo (Photo courtesy of Gabriela Shiroma)
Master artist Luis Jovel (left) and his 2001 apprentice Armando Torres (Photo: ACTA)
Master artist Mahshid Mirzadeh (right) and her 2003 apprentice Samira Sahebi (Photo courtesy of Mahshid Mizradeh)
Master artist Michelle Martin with a complete iruke (fly whisk) which she made (Photo courtesy of Michelle Martin)

Master artist Michelle Martin with a complete iruke, or fly whisk, which she made.  Photo courtesy of Michelle Martin

Master artist Michelle Martin's masso and her 2010 apprentice Mudzima Brown's ada (Photos courtesy of the artists)

Master artist Michelle Martin's masso, or necklace, for the deity Oya (top) and her 2010 apprentice Mudzima Brown's ada, or beaded machete, for Ogun and Oya (bottom).  Photos courtesy of Michelle Martin

Master artist Michelle Martin's masso, or necklace, for the deity Oya (Photo courtesy of Michelle Martin)
Master artist Ruben Guzman (right) and his 2001 apprentice Isela Perez (Photo: ACTA)
Master artist Shubhangi Sakhalkar with her sitar in her home studio in San Jose (ACTA, 2010)
Master artist Sun Wuk Kim (left) teaching students (Photo: ACTA)
Master artist Sun Wuk Kim writing calligraphy (Photo: ACTA)
Master artist Tsering Wangmo (in blue) and her 2011 apprentice Tsering Dolker (2nd from left) (Photo courtesy of Tsering Wangmo)
Master artist Tsering Wangmo (left) and her 2011 apprentice Tsering Dolker (Photo courtesy of Tsering Wangmo)
Master artist Tsering Wangmo (right) and her 2011 apprentice Tsering Dolker (Photo courtesy of Tsering Wangmo)

Master Tibetan folk singer and dancer Tsering Wangmo (right) and her apprentice Tsering Dolker.  Photo courtesy of Tsering Wangmo

Master artist Wakana Hanayagi (right) and her 2002 apprentice Erika Wada (Photo: ACTA)
Master artist Wakana Hanayagi (right) and her 2002 apprentice Erika Wada (Photo: ACTA)
Master Artist Weishan Liu (left) instructs her 2008 apprentice Regina Ngo (Photo: ACTA, 2008)
Master artist Yuriko Doi (right) and her 2008 apprentice Lluis Valls (Photo: ACTA, 2008)
Master artists Weishan Liu (left) and her 2008 apprentice Regina Ngo
Master bansuri musician Radha Prasad (left) and his 2003 apprentice Priyank Desai (Photo courtesy of Radha Prasad)
Master bansuri musician Radha Prasad (left) and his 2003 apprentice Priyank Desai (Photo: ACTA)
Master bansuri musician Radha Prasad (right) and his 2003 apprentice Priyank Desai (Photo: ACTA)
Master basketweaver Linda Yamane (left) and her 2010 apprentice Carol Bachmann (Photos courtesy of the artists)

Master basketweaver Linda Yamane (left) gathering sedge, a material used in Ohlone basketry, and her 2010 apprentice Carol Bachmann (right) and a few of her basketry projects.  Photos courtesy of the artists

Master basketweaver Linda Yamane gathering sedge (Courtesy of Linda Yamane)
Master basketweaver Linda Yamane's feathered basket (Photo courtesy of Linda Yamane)

Master basketweaver Linda Yamane's feathered basket, made from willow sticks, sedge rhizomes, redwing blackbird feathers, mallard duck feathers, and olivella shell beads.  Photo courtesy of Linda Yamane

Master bata drummer Juan Carlos Blanco Riera (far right) and his 2010 apprentice Menelike Turner (far left) (Alison Dunn, 2010)

Master batá drummer Juan Carlos Blanco Riera (far right) and his 2010 apprentice Menelike Turner (far left) with Omar Riquelme (second from left) and Reynaldo Atesiano Matos (second from right).  Alison Dunn, 2010

Master Bharata Natyam dancer Malathi Iyengar (Photo courtesy of Malathi Iyengar)
Master Bharata Natyam dancer Malathi Iyengar (Photo courtesy of Malathi Iyengar)
Master bharata natyam dancer Ramya Harishankar (Courtesy of Ramya Harishankar)
Master bharata natyam dancer Ramya Harishankar (left) and her 2002 apprentice Trisha Bannerjee (Mary MacGregor-Villareal, 2003)
Master breakdancer Raphael Xavier (left) and his 2011 apprentice Tyler White (Photos: Raphael Xavier and Samuel Dawes)

Master breakdancer Rapahel Xavier (left) and his apprentice Tyler White.  Photos: Raphael Xavier and Samuel Dawes, respectively

Master breakdancer Raphael Xavier (Photo: Raphael Xavier)
Master breakdancer Raphael Xavier (Photo: Raphael Xavier)
Master breakdancer Raphael Xavier demonstrating his skill (Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez)
Master breakdancer Raphael Xavier providing advice to his 2011 apprentice Tyler White (Photo: Russell C. Rodríguez)
Master Cambodian classical dancer Charya Burt (left) and her 2011 apprentice Reaksmey Lath (Photo: Rob Burt)

Master Cambodian classical dancer Charya Burt (left) and her apprentice Reaksmey Lath.  Photo: Rob Burt

Master Candomble drummer Jorge Alabe (Photo courtesy of Jorge Alabe)

Master Candomble drummer Jorge Alabê.  Photo courtesy of Jorge Alabê

Master Candomble drummer Jorge Alabe (Photo courtesy of Jorge Alabe)
Master Candomblé drummer Joselito "Amen" Santo (right) (Photo: Sara Stranovsky)
Master Candomblé drummer Joselito "Amen" Santo (right) (Photo: Veronica Pacheco)

Master Candomblé drummer Joselito "Amen" Santo (right).  Photo: Veronica Pacheco

Master Carnatic vocalist Asha Ramesh (Photo courtesy of Asha Ramesh)
Master Carnatic vocalist Asha Ramesh (Photo courtesy of Asha Ramesh)
Master Carnatic vocalist Asha Ramesh (Photo courtesy of Asha Ramesh)
Master Carnatic vocalist Jayashree Varadarajan (left) and her 2010 apprentice Sruthi Ramaswami (Rajiv Ramaswami, 2010)

Master Carnatic vocalist Jayashree Varadarajan (left) and her 2010 apprentice Sruthi Ramaswami.  Rajiv Ramaswami, 2010

Master Carnatic vocalist Jayashree Varadarajan (Photo courtesy of Jayashree Varadarajan)
Master Carnival costume maker Gloria Toolsie (Photo courtesy of Jasmine McClain)
Master Chukchansi basketweaver Clara Charlie (Photo courtesy of Clara Charlie)
Master classical Cambodian musician Ponn Yinn (Photo: Terry Liu)
Master erhu musician Xiaofeng Zhang (Jim Block, 2010)

Master erhu musician Xiaofeng Zhang.  Jim Block, 2010

Master erhu musician Xiaofeng Zhang (left) and her 2010 apprentice Eric Jung (Courtesy of Xiaofeng Zhang)

Master erhu musician Xiaofeng Zhang (left) and her 2010 apprentice Eric Jung. Courtesy of Xiaofeng Zhang

Master Haitian drummer Daniel Brevil (left) and his 2012 apprentice Kendrick Freeman (Photo courtesy of Kendrick Freeman)
Master Haitian drummer Daniel Brevil (left) and his 2012 apprentice Kendrick Freeman (Photo courtesy of Kendrick Freeman)
Master Haitian drummer Daniel Brevil (Photo courtesy of Kendrick Freeman)
Master Haitian drummer Daniel Brevil (Photo courtesy of Kendrick Freeman)
Master hambone percussionist Danny "Slapjazz" Barber and his 2009 apprentice Sekani Thomas (ACTA,)
Master Hindustani vocalist Lakshmi Shankar (left) and her 2010 apprentice Ashwin Rode (Devika Shankar, 2010)

Master Hindustani vocalist Lakshmi Shankar (left) and her 2010 apprentice Ashwin Rode.  Devika Shankar, 2010

Master Hindustani vocalist Lakshmi Shankar (left) and her 2012 apprentice Dayita Datta (Photo courtesy of Dayita Datta)
Master Hindustani vocalist Shubhangi Sakhalkar (left) performs with her 2010 apprentice Seema Gupta (Virad Gupta, 2010)

Master Hindustani vocalist Shubhangi Sakhalkar (left) performs with her 2010 apprentice Seema Gupta.  Virad Gupta, 2010

Master Japanese classical dancer Wakana Hanayagi (Photo courtesy of Wakana Hanayagi)
Master Japanese classical dancer Wakana Hanayagi (Photo courtesy of Wakana Hanayagi)
Master Japanese shamisen musician Hideko Nakajima (left) and her 2003 apprentice Melody Takata (Photo: ACTA)
Master Japanese shamisen player Hideko Nakajima (Photo: ACTA)